Sodium (Na) is a metallic element soluble in water, where it is mostly counterbalanced by chloride (Cl) to form sodium chloride (NaCl), or common table salt.

 

Sodium chloride is essential for life, with tight regulation of the body's sodium ion (Na+) and chloride ion (Cl─) concentrations outside of cells (including blood plasma).

 

Although a minimal amount of salt is required for survival, the health implications of excess salt intake represent an area of intensive research (1, 2).