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      VITAMIN B3 // NIACIN

      References

      REFERENCES

      1. Brody T. Nutritional Biochemistry. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 1999.
      2. Cervantes-Laurean D, McElvaney NG, Moss J. Niacin. In: Shils M, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1999:401–411.
      3. Jacob R, Swenseid M. Niacin. In: Ziegler EE, Filer LJ, eds. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. 7th ed. Washington D.C: ILSI Press; 1996:185–190.
      4. Jacobson EL, Shieh WM, Huang AC. Mapping the role of NAD metabolism in prevention and treatment of carcinogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem. 1999; 193(1-2):69–74.
      5. Hageman GJ, Stierum RH. Niacin, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and genomic stability. Mutat Res. 2001; 475(1–2):45–56.
      6. Boyonoski AC, Spronck JC, Gallacher LM, et al. Niacin deficiency decreases bone marrow poly(ADP-ribose) and the latency of ethylnitrosourea-induced carcinogenesis in rats. J Nutr. 2002; 132(1):108–114.
      7. Weitberg AB. Effect of nicotinic acid supplementation in vivo on oxygen radical-induced genetic damage in human lymphocytes. Mutat Res. 1989; 216(4):197–201.
      8. Hageman GJ, Stierum RH, van Herwijnen MH, van der Veer MS, Kleinjans JC. Nicotinic acid supplementation: effects on niacin status, cytogenetic damage, and poly (ADP-ribosylation) in lymphocytes of smokers. Nutr Cancer. 1998; 32(2):113–120.
      9. Jacobson EL. Niacin deficiency and cancer in women. J Am Coll Nutr. 1993; 12(4):412–416.
      10. Negri E, Franceschi S, Bosetti C, et al. Selected micronutrients and oral and pharyngeal cancer. Int J Cancer. 2000;86(1):122–127.
      11. Franceschi S, Bidoli E, Negri E, et al. Role of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals in the aetiology of squamous-cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. Int J Cancer. 2000; 86(5):626–631.
      12. Lampeter EF, Klinghammer A, Scherbaum WA, et al. The Deutsche Nicotinamide Intervention Study: an attempt to prevent type 1 diabetes. DENIS Group. Diabetes. 1998; 47(6):980–984.
      13. Canner PL, Berge KG, Wenger NK, et al. Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacin. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986; 8(6):1245–1255.
      14. Guyton JR, Capuzzi DM. Treatment of hyperlipidemia with combined niacin-statin regimens. Am J Cardiol. 1998; 82(12A):82U-84U; discussion 85–86U.
      15. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345(22):1583–1592.
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      17. Wink J, Giacoppe G, King J. Effect of very-low-dose niacin on high-density lipoprotein in patients undergoing long-term statin therapy. Am Heart J. 2002; 143(3):514–518.
      18. Brown RR, Ozaki Y, Datta SP, Borden EC, Sondel PM, Malone DG. Implications of interferon-induced tryptophan catabolism in cancer, auto-immune diseases and AIDS. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1991; 294:425–435.
      19. Tang AM, Graham NM, Saah AJ. Effects of micronutrient intake on survival in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Am J Epidemiol. 1996; 143(12):1244–1256.
      20. Jonas WB, Rapoza CP, Blair WF. The effect of niacinamide on osteoarthritis: A pilot study. Inflamm Res. 1996; 45:330–334.
      21. Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food (31st Series), Nutrient and Energy Intakes for the European Community. 1993.
      22. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Niacin. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 1998:123–149.
      23. European Food Safety Authority, Scientific Committee on Food. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for Vitamins and Minerals. 2006: ISBN: 92-9199-014-0.
      24. Gregory JF, 3rd. Nutritional Properties and significance of vitamin glycosides. Annu Rev Nutr. 1998; 18:277–296.
      25. Hendler SS, Rorvik DR, eds. PDR for Nutritional Supplements. Montvale: Medical Economics Company, Inc; 2001
      26. Vitamins. Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons; 2000:6–33.
      27. Knopp RH. Evaluating niacin in its various forms. Am J Cardiol. 2000; 86(12A):51L–56L.
      28. Greenbaum CJ, Kahn SE, Palmer JP. Nicotinamide's effects on glucose metabolism in subjects at risk for IDDM. Diabetes. 1996; 45(11):1631–1634.
      29. Negrini S, Gorgoulis VG, Halazonetis TD. Genomic instability--an evolving hallmark of cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Mar;11(3):220-8.
      30. Jacobson EL, Shieh WM, Huang AC. Mapping the role of NAD metabolism in prevention and treatment of carcinogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem. 1999 Mar;193(1-2):69-74.
      31. Boyonoski AC, Spronck JC, Gallacher LM, Jacobs RM, Shah GM, Poirier GG, Kirkland JB. Niacin deficiency decreases bone marrow poly(ADP-ribose) and the latency of ethylnitrosourea-induced carcinogenesis in rats. J Nutr. 2002 Jan;132(1):108-14.
      32. Boyonoski AC, Spronck JC, Jacobs RM, Shah GM, Poirier GG, Kirkland JB. Pharmacological intakes of niacin increase bone marrow poly(ADP-ribose) and the latency of ethylnitrosourea-induced carcinogenesis in rats. J Nutr. 2002 Jan;132(1):115-20.
      33. Weitberg AB. Effect of nicotinic acid supplementation in vivo on oxygen radical-induced genetic damage in human lymphocytes. Mutat Res. 1989 Aug;216(4):197-201.
      34. Hageman GJ, Stierum RH, van Herwijnen MH, van der Veer MS, Kleinjans JC. Nicotinic acid supplementation: effects on niacin status, cytogenetic damage, and poly(ADP-ribosylation) in lymphocytes of smokers. Nutr Cancer. 1998;32(2):113-20.
      35. Yong LC, Petersen MR. High dietary niacin intake is associated with decreased chromosome translocation frequency in airline pilots. Br J Nutr. 2011 Feb;105(4):496-505.
      36. Negri E, Franceschi S, Bosetti C, Levi F, Conti E, Parpinel M, La Vecchia C. Selected micronutrients and oral and pharyngeal cancer. Int J Cancer. 2000 Apr 1;86(1):122-7.
      37. Franceschi S, Bidoli E, Negri E, Zambon P, Talamini R, Ruol A, Parpinel M, Levi F, Simonato L, La Vecchia C. Role of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals in the aetiology of squamous-cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. Int J Cancer. 2000 Jun 1;86(5):626-31.
      38. Lampeter EF, Klinghammer A, Scherbaum WA, Heinze E, Haastert B, Giani G, Kolb H. The Deutsche Nicotinamide Intervention Study: an attempt to prevent type 1 diabetes. DENIS Group. Diabetes. 1998 Jun;47(6):980-4.
      39. Gale EA, Bingley PJ, Emmett CL, Collier T; European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT) Group. European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT): a randomised controlled trial of intervention before the onset of type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2004 Mar 20;363(9413):925-31.
      40. Song WL, FitzGerald GA. Niacin, an old drug with a new twist. J Lipid Res. 2013 Oct;54(10):2586-94.
      41. Feingold K, Grunfeld C. Triglyceride Lowering Drugs. 2017 Jan MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-.
      42. Birjmohun RS, Hutten BA, Kastelein JJ, Stroes ES. Efficacy and safety of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-increasing compounds: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Jan 18;45(2):185-97.
      43. Subedi BH, Joshi PH, Jones SR, Martin SS, Blaha MJ, Michos ED.  Current guidelines for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in therapy and future directions. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2014 Apr 8;10:205-16.
      44. Husain NE, Ahmed MH. Managing dyslipidemia in HIV/AIDS patients: challenges and solutions. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2014 Dec 17;7:1-10.
      45. Poudel-Tandukar K, Chandyo RK. Dietary B Vitamins and Serum C-Reactive Protein in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The Positive Living With HIV (POLH) Study. Food Nutr Bull. 2016 Dec;37(4):517-528.
      46. Hoffer LJ. Vitamin therapy in schizophrenia. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2008;45(1):3-10.
      47. Pauling L. Orthomolecular psychiatry. Varying the concentrations of substances normally present in the human body may control mental disease. Science. 1968 Apr 19;160(3825):265-71.
      48. Seybolt SE. Is it time to reassess alpha lipoic acid and niacinamide therapy in schizophrenia? Med Hypotheses. 2010 Dec;75(6):572-5.
      49. Zell M, Grundmann O. An orthomolecular approach to the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Adv Mind Body Med. 2012 Fall;26(2):14-28.

      Authored by Dr Peter Engel in 2010, reviewed by Giorgio La Fata on 06.06.2017