15 March 2019
Many women in their 50s have reached a high point in their lives: their children are grown and can take care of themselves, their careers are mature, and they have more time and resources to spend on themselves. It’s a time for them to look at their own lives and make positive changes for their health, which may have taken a back seat over the past decades.
Women in their 50s need to concentrate on several health-related areas to keep them feeling strong and vital. First of all, older women’s metabolism has gradually been slowing over several decades. This means that they need to be careful to maintain a healthy weight to keep active and reduce risk of heart disease and the pains of arthritis. Older women should pay attention to strong bones to avoid fractures. Women need to adopt a heart healthy diet and lifestyle, as they are no longer as protected against cardiovascular disease as when they were younger. In addition, women are concerned about cognitive health. Below, are outline several key nutrition strategies women in their 50s and beyond can follow to feel fit and fabulous!
Staying physically active is a very important part of a healthy lifestyle for women, particularly as they age. Unfortunately, many older women do not meet exercise recommendations (1). The benefits of exercise extend beyond just keeping fit. Sports such as walking, jogging and aerobics help keep the heart and blood vessels working properly and burn calories. Yoga, stretching exercises and tai chi maintain balance and flexibility. Workouts with weights help keep the muscles and bones strong. Some forms of exercise have a social component, such as taking a dance class or playing a team sport. Regular aerobic exercise can also boost mood and memory (2), and manage stress (3).
Physical activity and nutrition are very closely linked. Exercise and appetite interact dynamically, and exercise will cause both short- and long-term changes in energy needs and hunger sensations. When people exercise regularly, it becomes easier for them to maintain a healthy weight because the body is able to recognize feelings of fullness better (4). Another example of the close relationship between exercise and nutrition is in bone health, it’s the combination of regular weight-bearing exercise, and adequate protein, calcium and vitamin D intakes that helps to prevent falls in older adults.
An often-overlooked nutrient for women over 50 is dietary fiber. The benefits of a diet rich in fiber are many: as well as promoting normal bowel health, dietary fiber contributes to feelings of satiety and can lower cholesterol levels (5). Adequate fiber intakes therefore contribute to overall wellness, and may help reduce chronic disease risk.
Constipation (6) is a common yet uncomfortable condition defined as having fewer than 3 bowel movements per week. It can affect people’s daily tasks, and lead to long term problems such as haemorrhoids and fecal impaction. Constipation affects twice as many older women than men (7). Increasing dietary fiber intakes is a good strategy to prevent constipation. Dietary fiber provides bulk in the colon and retains water, keeping the stool soft and easy to pass.
Dietary fiber’s effects on satiety and cholesterol levels both help reduce risk factors for chronic diseases such as type II diabetes, heart disease and obesity. When meals contain dietary fiber, the speed at which food travels from the stomach to the small intestine slows down (8). Nutrients are released more gradually into the blood, providing better control of blood glucose and delaying hunger signals.
Dietary fiber can modestly lower blood cholesterol levels (5). This is important for older women because they are no longer receive estrogen’s protective effects on the heart and blood vessels and their risk of heart disease approaches that of men’s. Reducing cholesterol is a proven strategy to reduce heart disease risk, and dietary fiber can help. The mechanism relates to bile, a digestive tract secretion used for normal digestion. Bile is made from cholesterol. Normally, the bile used as part of digestive is recycled once it reaches the large intestine. However, dietary fiber binds to bile and prevents it from being recycled. The body has to make more bile from cholesterol, thus lowering cholesterol levels (9).
While international recommendations vary, consuming 25 to 30 g of dietary fiber per day is recommended in many countries. Few people actually meet fiber recommendations (10). Plant foods, particularly whole grain cereals and foods made from them, fruits and vegetables, provide dietary fiber.
Two critical nutrients for bone health are calcium and vitamin D. Our bones are not just hard, inert scaffolding, but actually a dynamic, living part of the body. The bones are always undergoing a process called remodelling: bones are continually being absorbed into the body and built up again. That’s how we can recover from broken bones. Calcium is the most prevalent mineral in bones and adequate calcium must be consumed to help the body to build up bone (8).
Vitamin D helps bone health in two ways. First of all, it is needed to help the body to absorb calcium from the diet (8). Secondly, it contributes to normal muscle function. People with vitamin D deficiency suffer from poor muscle tone and muscle pain (8). Supplementation with vitamin D has been shown to improve muscle performance in older adults with low vitamin D levels (11). Improvements in muscle function and mass help older adults’ ability to balance and prevents falls (12). Given that older women are at much greater risk of osteoporosis that other people, it’s critical that they consume enough vitamin D and calcium together to keep their bones healthy (13).
THE DASH DIET (14)
Women in their fifties often have the time and energy they didn’t have when younger. The change of life can be a time when women set forth changes in their lifestyle. Including more exercise in their weekly routine is a way to reach many health goals at once. A heart healthy diet such as the DASH eating plan will ensure women get nutrients such as dietary fiber and calcium into their diet (14). And taking a dietary supplement containing recommended levels of vitamin D is a good way to make sure that vitamin D requirements are met. The fifties are time for women to focus on themselves and their health to be fit and fabulous!
21 November 2019
Two recent articles that buttress each other hit Michael Roizen, M.D.’s reading stack this past month. These studies reinforce the notion that what is good for your brain, is also good for your heart. Read more about his analysis of these studies.
6 December 2013
A new review from France suggests that existing study data indicating that increased blood vitamin D concentrations are associated with a reduction in the risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular events, diabetes and related mortality, does not prove that vitamin D supplementation can prevent those diseases. Experts commented that, although evidence in non-bone-health-related chronic disease prevention is missing, there is good reason to ensure that the vitamin D supply is adequate.
24 March 2014
A new Japanese study claims that regular adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acids may help to prevent artery calcification and the development of heart disease.
